日本众多研究机构相继开展LPS作为药物和疫苗的临床研究：

-日本大学研究生院医学部 京都大学再生医学研究所

-顺天堂大学 

-日本国家科学振兴机构

-日本拥有1400万种药品超大生物制药公司Cosmo Bio公司

其他发达国家对LPS相关研究： 

-最近发达国家过敏的增加是由于LPS暴露的减少

Environmental exposure to endotoxin and its relation to asthma in school-age children. Braun-Fahrländer C, Riedler J, Herz U, Eder W, Waser M, Grize L, Maisch S, Carr D, Gerlach F, Bufe A, Lauener RP, Schierl R, Renz H, Nowak D, von Mutius E; Allergy and Endotoxin Study Team. The New England Journal of Medicine 347 (12): 869-77 (2002) 

-LPS的舌下给药增强了流感疫苗的功效

A Lipopolysaccharide from Pantoea Agglomerans Is a Promising Adjuvant for Sublingual Vaccines to Induce Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses in Mice via TLR4 Pathway. Fukasaka M, Asari D, Kiyotoh E, Okazaki A, Gomi Y, Tanimoto T, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Hori M. PLoS One 10 (5): e0126849.   

-LPS的消炎作用被证明是与调节性T细胞（Tregs）有关

Lipopolysaccharide-activated CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells inhibit neutrophil function and promote their apoptosis and death. Lewkowicz P, Lewkowicz N, Sasiak A, Tchórzewski H. J Immunol. 177 (10): 7155-7163 (2006) 

-抗生素给药减少体内抗微生物剂的产生并增加抗生素抗性细菌，但口服LPS和抗生素可以诱导体内抗菌物质并抑制抗性细菌的生长。   

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci exploit antibiotic-induced innate immune deficits. Brandl K, Plitas G, Mihu CN, Ubeda C, Jia T, Fleisher M, Schnabl B, DeMatteo RP, Pamer EG. Nature 455 (7214): 804-807 (2008)   

-抗生素降低了癌症免疫疗法的有效性，但LPS避免了它   

Commensal bacteria control cancer response to therapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment. Iida N, Dzutsev A, Stewart CA, Smith L, Bouladoux N, Weingarten RA, Molina DA, Salcedo R, Back T, Cramer S, Dai RM, Kiu H, Cardone M, Naik S, Patri AK, Wang E, Marincola FM, Frank KM, Belkaid Y, Trinchieri G, Goldszmid RS. Science 342 (6161): 967-970 (2013)   

-LPS可能作为免疫汉方药“十全大补汤”的免疫激活的一个组成部分   

Uncovering potential 'herbal probiotics' in Juzen-taiho-to through the study of associated bacterial populations. Montenegro D, Kalpana K, Chrissian C, Sharma A, Takaoka A, Iacovidou M, Soll CE, Aminova O, Heguy A, Cohen L, Shen S, Kawamura A. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 25 (3): 466–469 (2015)